Peer-to-peer networks and Client-server networks

Computer - Number Conversion

 

There are many methods or techniques which can be used to convert numbers from one base to another. In this chapter, we'll demonstrate the following −

Decimal to Other Base System

Other Base System to Decimal

Other Base System to Non-Decimal

Shortcut method - Binary to Octal

Shortcut method - Octal to Binary

Shortcut method - Binary to Hexadecimal

Shortcut method - Hexadecimal to Binary

Decimal to Other Base System

Step 1 − Divide the decimal number to be converted by the value of the new base.

Step 2 − Get the remainder from Step 1 as the rightmost digit (least significant digit) of the new base number.

Step 3 − Divide the quotient of the previous divide by the new base.

Step 4 − Record the remainder from Step 3 as the next digit (to the left) of the new base number.

Repeat Steps 3 and 4, getting remainders from right to left, until the quotient becomes zero in Step 3.

The last remainder thus obtained will be the Most Significant Digit (MSD) of the new base number.

Example

Decimal Number: 29₁₀

Calculating Binary Equivalent −

StepOperationResultRemainderStep 129 / 2141Step 214 / 270Step 37 / 231Step 43 / 211Step 51 / 201

As mentioned in Steps 2 and 4, the remainders have to be arranged in the reverse order so that the first remainder becomes the Least Significant Digit (LSD) and the last remainder becomes the Most Significant Digit (MSD).

Decimal Number : 29₁₀ = Binary Number : 11101_2.

Other Base System to Decimal System

Step 1 − Determine the column (positional) value of each digit (this depends on the position of the digit and the base of the number system).

Step 2 − Multiply the obtained column values (in Step 1) by the digits in the corresponding columns.

Step 3 − Sum the products calculated in Step 2. The total is the equivalent value in decimal.

Example

Binary Number: 11101₂

Calculating Decimal Equivalent −

StepBinary NumberDecimal NumberStep 111101₂((1 x 2⁴) + (1 x 2³) + (1 x 2²) + (0 x 2¹) + (1 x 2⁰))₁₀Step 211101₂(16 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 1)₁₀Step 311101₂29₁₀

Binary Number : 11101₂ = Decimal Number : 29₁₀

Other Base System to Non-Decimal System

Step 1 − Convert the original number to a decimal number (base 10).

Step 2 − Convert the decimal number so obtained to the new base number.

Example

Octal Number : 25₈

Calculating Binary Equivalent −

Step 1 - Convert to Decimal

StepOctal NumberDecimal NumberStep 125₈((2 x 8¹) + (5 x 8⁰))₁₀Step 225₈(16 + 5)₁₀Step 325₈21₁₀

Octal Number : 25₈ = Decimal Number : 21₁₀

Step 2 - Convert Decimal to Binary

StepOperationResultRemainderStep 121 / 2101Step 210 / 250Step 35 / 221Step 42 / 210Step 51 / 201

Decimal Number : 21₁₀ = Binary Number : 10101₂

Octal Number : 25₈ = Binary Number : 10101₂

Shortcut Method ─ Binary to Octal

Step 1 − Divide the binary digits into groups of three (starting from the right).

Step 2 − Convert each group of three binary digits to one octal digit.

Example

Binary Number : 10101₂

Calculating Octal Equivalent −

StepBinary NumberOctal NumberStep 110101₂010 101Step 210101₂2₈ 5₈Step 310101₂25₈

Binary Number : 10101₂ = Octal Number : 25₈

Shortcut Method ─ Octal to Binary

Step 1 − Convert each octal digit to a 3-digit binary number (the octal digits may be treated as decimal for this conversion).

Step 2 − Combine all the resulting binary groups (of 3 digits each) into a single binary number.

Example

Octal Number : 25₈

Calculating Binary Equivalent −

StepOctal NumberBinary NumberStep 125₈2₁₀ 5₁₀Step 225₈010₂ 101₂Step 325₈010101₂

Octal Number : 25₈ = Binary Number : 10101₂

Shortcut Method ─ Binary to Hexadecimal

Step 1 − Divide the binary digits into groups of four (starting from the right).

Step 2 − Convert each group of four binary digits to one hexadecimal symbol.

Example

Binary Number : 10101₂

Calculating hexadecimal Equivalent −

StepBinary NumberHexadecimal NumberStep 110101₂0001 0101Step 210101₂1₁₀ 5₁₀Step 310101₂15₁₆

Binary Number : 10101₂ = Hexadecimal Number : 15₁₆

Shortcut Method - Hexadecimal to Binary

Step 1 − Convert each hexadecimal digit to a 4-digit binary number (the hexadecimal digits may be treated as decimal for this conversion).

Step 2 − Combine all the resulting binary groups (of 4 digits each) into a single binary number.

Example

Hexadecimal Number : 15₁₆

Calculating Binary Equivalent −

StepHexadecimal NumberBinary NumberStep 115₁₆1₁₀ 5₁₀Step 215₁₆0001₂ 0101₂Step 315₁₆00010101₂

Hexadecimal Number : 15₁₆ = Binary Number : 10101₂

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